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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Fluid Mechanics

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Fluid Mechanics

A hollow spherical body with inner and outer radii of 6 cm and 8 cm...

A hollow spherical body with inner and outer radii of 6 cm6 \text{ cm} and 8 cm8 \text{ cm} respectively floats half-submerged in water. Determine the density of the material of the sphere.

Options

  1. A500 kg/m3500 \text{ kg/m}^3
  2. B865 kg/m3865 \text{ kg/m}^3
  3. C422 kg/m3422 \text{ kg/m}^3
  4. D1156 kg/m31156 \text{ kg/m}^3

Correct answer

B. 865 kg/m3865 \text{ kg/m}^3

Step-by-step solution

Let the density of the material of the sphere be ρ\rho.

Inner radius of the hollow sphere, r=6 cmr = 6 \text{ cm}.

Outer radius of the hollow sphere, R=8 cmR = 8 \text{ cm}.

Volume of the material of the hollow sphere is given by V=43π(R3−r3)V = \dfrac{4}{3}\pi(R^3 - r^3).

Weight of the hollow sphere is W=Vρg=43π(R3−r3)ρgW = V\rho g = \dfrac{4}{3}\pi(R^3 - r^3)\rho g.

Since the sphere floats half-submerged in water, the volume of water displaced is half of the total volume of the sphere.

Volume of displaced water, Vd=12×43πR3V_d = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{4}{3}\pi R^3.

Buoyant force exerted by water is FB=Vdρwg=12×43πR3ρwgF_B = V_d \rho_w g = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{4}{3}\pi R^3 \rho_w g, where ρw=1000 kg/m3\rho_w = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3 is the density of water.

By the principle of flotation, the weight of the sphere equals the buoyant force:

43π(R3−r3)ρg=12×43πR3ρwg\dfrac{4}{3}\pi(R^3 - r^3)\rho g = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{4}{3}\pi R^3 \rho_w g

ρ=R32(R3−r3)ρw\rho = \dfrac{R^3}{2(R^3 - r^3)} \rho_w

Substituting the given values:

ρ=832(83−63)×1000\rho = \dfrac{8^3}{2(8^3 - 6^3)} \times 1000

ρ=5122(512−216)×1000\rho = \dfrac{512}{2(512 - 216)} \times 1000

ρ=5122×296×1000\rho = \dfrac{512}{2 \times 296} \times 1000

ρ=512592×1000≈864.86 kg/m3\rho = \dfrac{512}{592} \times 1000 \approx 864.86 \text{ kg/m}^3

Rounding to the nearest integer, we get 865 kg/m3865 \text{ kg/m}^3.
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