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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Fluid Mechanics

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Fluid Mechanics

Water flows through a horizontal tube of variable cross section....

Water flows through a horizontal tube of variable cross section. The cross-sectional areas at AA and BB are 4 mm24 \text{ mm}^2 and 2 mm22 \text{ mm}^2 respectively. If 1 cc1 \text{ cc} of water enters through AA per second, calculate the pressure difference PA−PBP_A - P_B.

Options

  1. A188 N/m2188 \text{ N/m}^2
  2. B94 N/m294 \text{ N/m}^2
  3. C47 N/m247 \text{ N/m}^2
  4. D125 N/m2125 \text{ N/m}^2

Correct answer

B. 94 N/m294 \text{ N/m}^2

Step-by-step solution

Given volume flow rate, Q=1 cm3/s=10−6 m3/sQ = 1 \text{ cm}^3\text{/s} = 10^{-6} \text{ m}^3\text{/s}

Cross-sectional area at AA, AA=4 mm2=4×10−6 m2A_A = 4 \text{ mm}^2 = 4 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}^2

Cross-sectional area at BB, AB=2 mm2=2×10−6 m2A_B = 2 \text{ mm}^2 = 2 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}^2

From the equation of continuity, the velocities at AA and BB are:

vA=QAA=10−64×10−6=0.25 m/sv_A = \dfrac{Q}{A_A} = \dfrac{10^{-6}}{4 \times 10^{-6}} = 0.25 \text{ m/s}

vB=QAB=10−62×10−6=0.5 m/sv_B = \dfrac{Q}{A_B} = \dfrac{10^{-6}}{2 \times 10^{-6}} = 0.5 \text{ m/s}

Using Bernoulli's equation for a horizontal tube:

PA+12ρvA2=PB+12ρvB2P_A + \dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_A^2 = P_B + \dfrac{1}{2}\rho v_B^2

PA−PB=12ρ(vB2−vA2)P_A - P_B = \dfrac{1}{2}\rho(v_B^2 - v_A^2)

Substituting the density of water ρ=1000 kg/m3\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3:

PA−PB=12×1000×(0.52−0.252)P_A - P_B = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 1000 \times (0.5^2 - 0.25^2)

PA−PB=500×(0.25−0.0625)P_A - P_B = 500 \times (0.25 - 0.0625)

PA−PB=500×0.1875=93.75 N/m2P_A - P_B = 500 \times 0.1875 = 93.75 \text{ N/m}^2

Rounding to the nearest integer, we get 94 N/m294 \text{ N/m}^2.
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