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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Some Mechanical Properties of Matter

Consider a small surface area of 1 mm^2 at the top of a mercury...

Consider a small surface area of 1 mm21 \text{ mm}^2 at the top of a mercury drop of radius 4.0 mm4.0 \text{ mm}. Determine the force exerted on this area by the mercury surface in contact with it. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0×105 Pa1.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa} and surface tension of mercury is 0.465 N/m0.465 \text{ N/m}. Neglect the effect of gravity. Assume all numbers to be exact.

Options

  1. A0.00046 N0.00046 \text{ N}
  2. B0.00093 N0.00093 \text{ N}
  3. C0.00023 N0.00023 \text{ N}
  4. D0.00012 N0.00012 \text{ N}

Correct answer

C. 0.00023 N0.00023 \text{ N}

Step-by-step solution

For a small area ΔA\Delta A on the surface of a liquid drop in equilibrium, the outward force due to the pressure inside the drop is balanced by the inward force due to atmospheric pressure and the inward resultant force exerted by the surrounding surface due to surface tension.

Let PinP_{in} be the pressure inside the drop and P0P_0 be the atmospheric pressure. The excess pressure is given by:

Pex=Pin−P0=2TRP_{ex} = P_{in} - P_0 = \dfrac{2T}{R}

The force exerted by the surrounding mercury surface on the small area ΔA\Delta A is the resultant of the surface tension forces, which is directed radially inward. For equilibrium of the area ΔA\Delta A:

PinΔA=P0ΔA+FsP_{in} \Delta A = P_0 \Delta A + F_s

Fs=(Pin−P0)ΔA=PexΔA=2TRΔAF_s = (P_{in} - P_0) \Delta A = P_{ex} \Delta A = \dfrac{2T}{R} \Delta A

Given:
T=0.465 N/mT = 0.465 \text{ N/m}
R=4.0 mm=4.0×10−3 mR = 4.0 \text{ mm} = 4.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}
ΔA=1 mm2=1.0×10−6 m2\Delta A = 1 \text{ mm}^2 = 1.0 \times 10^{-6} \text{ m}^2

Substituting the values:

Fs=2×0.4654.0×10−3×1.0×10−6F_s = \dfrac{2 \times 0.465}{4.0 \times 10^{-3}} \times 1.0 \times 10^{-6}

Fs=0.934.0×10−3×10−6=232.5×10−6 NF_s = \dfrac{0.93}{4.0 \times 10^{-3}} \times 10^{-6} = 232.5 \times 10^{-6} \text{ N}

Fs=0.0002325 N≈0.00023 NF_s = 0.0002325 \text{ N} \approx 0.00023 \text{ N}
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