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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Laws of Thermodynamics

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Laws of Thermodynamics

To transition a system from state A to state B along the path ACB...

To transition a system from state AA to state BB along the path ACBACB as shown in the figure, 50 cal50 \text{ cal} of heat must be supplied. Determine the amount of heat that needs to be supplied to move the system from AA to BB via the path ADBADB.
To transition a system from state A to state B along the path ACB as shown in the figure, 50 cal of heat must be

Options

  1. A71 cal71 \text{ cal}
  2. B45 cal45 \text{ cal}
  3. C60 cal60 \text{ cal}
  4. D55 cal55 \text{ cal}

Correct answer

D. 55 cal55 \text{ cal}

Step-by-step solution

The work done along the path ACBACB is the sum of the work done during the isobaric process ACAC and the isochoric process CBCB.

WACB=WAC+WCBW_{ACB} = W_{AC} + W_{CB}

WAC=pA(VC−VA)=50×103×(400−200)×10−6=10 JW_{AC} = p_A (V_C - V_A) = 50 \times 10^3 \times (400 - 200) \times 10^{-6} = 10 \text{ J}

WCB=0W_{CB} = 0 (since volume is constant)

WACB=10 JW_{ACB} = 10 \text{ J}

The work done along the path ADBADB is the sum of the work done during the isochoric process ADAD and the isobaric process DBDB.

WADB=WAD+WDBW_{ADB} = W_{AD} + W_{DB}

WAD=0W_{AD} = 0 (since volume is constant)

WDB=pD(VB−VD)=155×103×(400−200)×10−6=31 JW_{DB} = p_D (V_B - V_D) = 155 \times 10^3 \times (400 - 200) \times 10^{-6} = 31 \text{ J}

WADB=31 JW_{ADB} = 31 \text{ J}

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔU\Delta U is path-independent.

ΔU=QACB−WACB=QADB−WADB\Delta U = Q_{ACB} - W_{ACB} = Q_{ADB} - W_{ADB}

QADB=QACB+WADB−WACBQ_{ADB} = Q_{ACB} + W_{ADB} - W_{ACB}

Substituting the given values and the calculated work done:

QADB=50 cal+(31 J−10 J)=50 cal+21 JQ_{ADB} = 50 \text{ cal} + (31 \text{ J} - 10 \text{ J}) = 50 \text{ cal} + 21 \text{ J}

Using the mechanical equivalent of heat 1 cal=4.2 J1 \text{ cal} = 4.2 \text{ J}:

21 J=214.2 cal=5 cal21 \text{ J} = \dfrac{21}{4.2} \text{ cal} = 5 \text{ cal}

QADB=50 cal+5 cal=55 calQ_{ADB} = 50 \text{ cal} + 5 \text{ cal} = 55 \text{ cal}
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