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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Magnetic Field

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Magnetic Field

A circular wire-loop of radius a and carrying a current i is placed...

A circular wire-loop of radius aa and carrying a current ii is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field BB, as shown in the figure. Assume the radius of the wire's cross section is rr. Determine the increase in the radius of the loop when the magnetic field is switched off. The Young modulus of the wire's material is YY.
A circular wire-loop of radius a and carrying a current i is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field B , as shown in

Options

  1. Aia2Bπr2Y\dfrac{i a^2 B}{\pi r^2 Y}
  2. BiaBπr2Y\dfrac{i a B}{\pi r^2 Y}
  3. Cia2B2πr2Y\dfrac{i a^2 B}{2 \pi r^2 Y}
  4. D2ia2Bπr2Y\dfrac{2 i a^2 B}{\pi r^2 Y}

Correct answer

A. ia2Bπr2Y\dfrac{i a^2 B}{\pi r^2 Y}

Step-by-step solution

Consider a small element of the circular wire-loop subtending an angle dθd\theta at the center. The length of this element is dl=adθdl = a d\theta.

The magnetic force acting on this small element is given by:
dF=idlB=i(adθ)BdF = i dl B = i (a d\theta) B

According to the right-hand rule (or Fleming's left-hand rule), since the current is counter-clockwise and the magnetic field is directed into the page, the magnetic force on each element is directed radially inward. This inward force compresses the loop.

To maintain equilibrium, a compressive force (tension) TT is developed in the wire. The outward radial component of this compressive force from the two ends of the element balances the inward magnetic force:
2Tsin⁡(dθ2)=dF2T \sin\left(\dfrac{d\theta}{2}\right) = dF

Since dθd\theta is very small, sin⁡(dθ2)≈dθ2\sin\left(\dfrac{d\theta}{2}\right) \approx \dfrac{d\theta}{2}.
2T(dθ2)=iaBdθ2T \left(\dfrac{d\theta}{2}\right) = i a B d\theta
T=iaBT = i a B

The compressive stress σ\sigma in the wire is the force per unit cross-sectional area:
σ=TA=iaBπr2\sigma = \dfrac{T}{A} = \dfrac{i a B}{\pi r^2}

The longitudinal strain ϵ\epsilon in the wire is given by Hooke's law:
ϵ=σY=iaBπr2Y\epsilon = \dfrac{\sigma}{Y} = \dfrac{i a B}{\pi r^2 Y}

The strain is also equal to the fractional change in the circumference, which is the same as the fractional change in the radius:
ϵ=ΔLL=Δ(2πa)2πa=Δaa\epsilon = \dfrac{\Delta L}{L} = \dfrac{\Delta (2\pi a)}{2\pi a} = \dfrac{\Delta a}{a}

Equating the two expressions for strain:
Δaa=iaBπr2Y\dfrac{\Delta a}{a} = \dfrac{i a B}{\pi r^2 Y}

Δa=ia2Bπr2Y\Delta a = \dfrac{i a^2 B}{\pi r^2 Y}

When the magnetic field is switched off, the compressive force vanishes, and the loop expands back to its natural length. Therefore, the increase in the radius of the loop is ia2Bπr2Y\dfrac{i a^2 B}{\pi r^2 Y}.
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