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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Magnetic Field due to a Current

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Magnetic Field due to a Current

Four long, straight wires, each carrying a current of 5.0 A , are...

Four long, straight wires, each carrying a current of 5.0 A5.0 \text{ A}, are arranged in a plane. Their points of intersection create a square with a side length of 5.0 cm5.0 \text{ cm}, with centre PP. Points Q1Q_1, Q2Q_2, Q3Q_3, and Q4Q_4 are located on the diagonals of this square at a distance from PP equal to the length of the square's diagonal, as shown in the figure. Determine the magnetic fields at these four points.
Four long, straight wires, each carrying a current of 5.0 A , are arranged in a plane. Their points of intersection

Options

  1. AQ1Q_1: zero; Q2Q_2: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q3Q_3: zero; Q4Q_4: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes
  2. BQ1Q_1: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q2Q_2: zero; Q3Q_3: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes; Q4Q_4: zero
  3. CQ1Q_1: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes; Q2Q_2: zero; Q3Q_3: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q4Q_4: zero
  4. DQ1Q_1: 2.2×10−4 T2.2 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q2Q_2: zero; Q3Q_3: 2.2×10−4 T2.2 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes; Q4Q_4: zero

Correct answer

B. Q1Q_1: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q2Q_2: zero; Q3Q_3: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes; Q4Q_4: zero

Step-by-step solution

Let the centre of the square be the origin (0,0)(0,0). The side length of the square is a=5.0 cm=0.05 ma = 5.0 \text{ cm} = 0.05 \text{ m}.

The four wires are located at x=−a/2x = -a/2, x=a/2x = a/2, y=−a/2y = -a/2, and y=a/2y = a/2. The currents are I=5.0 AI = 5.0 \text{ A} in the +y+y direction for the vertical wires and in the +x+x direction for the horizontal wires.

The diagonal of the square is d=a2d = a\sqrt{2}. The points Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4Q_1, Q_2, Q_3, Q_4 are at a distance dd from the origin along the diagonals. Their coordinates are:
Q1=(−a,a)Q_1 = (-a, a)
Q2=(a,a)Q_2 = (a, a)
Q3=(a,−a)Q_3 = (a, -a)
Q4=(−a,−a)Q_4 = (-a, -a)

The magnetic field due to a long straight wire is B=μ0I2πrB = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}.

At Q1(−a,a)Q_1(-a, a):
Field due to wire at y=a/2y = a/2: B1=μ0I2π(a−a/2)=μ0IπaB_1 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi (a - a/2)} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} (⊙\odot)
Field due to wire at y=−a/2y = -a/2: B2=μ0I2π(a−(−a/2))=μ0I3πaB_2 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi (a - (-a/2))} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} (⊙\odot)
Field due to wire at x=−a/2x = -a/2: B3=μ0I2π∣−a−(−a/2)∣=μ0IπaB_3 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi |-a - (-a/2)|} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} (⊙\odot)
Field due to wire at x=a/2x = a/2: B4=μ0I2π∣−a−a/2∣=μ0I3πaB_4 = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi |-a - a/2|} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} (⊙\odot)
Total field at Q1Q_1: BQ1=B1+B2+B3+B4=8μ0I3πaB_{Q1} = B_1 + B_2 + B_3 + B_4 = \dfrac{8\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} (⊙\odot)
Substituting the values: BQ1=8×4π×10−7×53π×0.05=1.067×10−4 T≈1.1×10−4 TB_{Q1} = \dfrac{8 \times 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{3\pi \times 0.05} = 1.067 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T} \approx 1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T} (⊙\odot)

At Q2(a,a)Q_2(a, a):
Fields from horizontal wires are ⊙\odot with magnitudes μ0Iπa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} and μ0I3πa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a}.
Fields from vertical wires are ⊗\otimes with magnitudes μ0I3πa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} and μ0Iπa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a}.
Total field at Q2Q_2: BQ2=μ0Iπa+μ0I3πa−μ0I3πa−μ0Iπa=0B_{Q2} = \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} + \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} - \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} - \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} = 0

At Q3(a,−a)Q_3(a, -a):
All four wires produce a magnetic field into the page (⊗\otimes).
Total field at Q3Q_3: BQ3=8μ0I3πaB_{Q3} = \dfrac{8\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} (⊗\otimes) ≈1.1×10−4 T\approx 1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T} (⊗\otimes)

At Q4(−a,−a)Q_4(-a, -a):
Fields from horizontal wires are ⊗\otimes with magnitudes μ0I3πa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} and μ0Iπa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a}.
Fields from vertical wires are ⊙\odot with magnitudes μ0Iπa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} and μ0I3πa\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a}.
Total field at Q4Q_4: BQ4=−μ0I3πa−μ0Iπa+μ0Iπa+μ0I3πa=0B_{Q4} = -\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} - \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} + \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{\pi a} + \dfrac{\mu_0 I}{3\pi a} = 0

Answer: Q1Q_1: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊙\odot; Q2Q_2: zero; Q3Q_3: 1.1×10−4 T1.1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ T}, ⊗\otimes; Q4Q_4: zero
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