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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Photoelectric Effect and Wave–Particle Duality

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Photoelectric Effect and Wave–Particle Duality

Assuming the sun is directly overhead, the surface of the earth...

Assuming the sun is directly overhead, the surface of the earth receives sunlight at 1.4×103 W m−21.4 \times 10^3 \text{ W m}^{-2}. Treat the light as monochromatic with an average wavelength of 500 nm500 \text{ nm}, and assume no light is absorbed between the sun and the earth's surface. The distance from the sun to the earth is 1.5×1011 m1.5 \times 10^{11} \text{ m}. How many photons are present in each cubic metre near the earth's surface at any instant?

Options

  1. A1.2×10151.2 \times 10^{15}
  2. B3.6×10213.6 \times 10^{21}
  3. C1.2×10131.2 \times 10^{13}
  4. D3.5×10133.5 \times 10^{13}

Correct answer

C. 1.2×10131.2 \times 10^{13}

Step-by-step solution

The intensity of sunlight at the earth's surface is given by I=1.4×103 W m−2I = 1.4 \times 10^3 \text{ W m}^{-2}.

The energy of a single photon is given by E=hcλE = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}.

The number of photons crossing a unit area per unit time is n=IE=Iλhcn = \dfrac{I}{E} = \dfrac{I \lambda}{hc}.

Since these photons travel at the speed of light cc, the number of photons present per unit volume (photon density) is N=nc=Iλhc2N = \dfrac{n}{c} = \dfrac{I \lambda}{hc^2}.

Substituting the given values:

N=1.4×103×500×10−96.63×10−34×(3×108)2N = \dfrac{1.4 \times 10^3 \times 500 \times 10^{-9}}{6.63 \times 10^{-34} \times (3 \times 10^8)^2}

N=7×10−46.63×10−34×9×1016N = \dfrac{7 \times 10^{-4}}{6.63 \times 10^{-34} \times 9 \times 10^{16}}

N=7×10−459.67×10−18N = \dfrac{7 \times 10^{-4}}{59.67 \times 10^{-18}}

N≈1.17×1013 m−3N \approx 1.17 \times 10^{13} \text{ m}^{-3}

Rounding to appropriate significant figures, the number of photons per cubic metre is approximately 1.2×10131.2 \times 10^{13}.
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