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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
The Nucleus

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · The Nucleus

Natural water contains a trace amount of tritium (^ 3 _ 1 H ). This...

Natural water contains a trace amount of tritium (^{3}_{1}\text{H}).Thisisotopebeta−decayswithahalf−lifeof). This isotope beta-decays with a half-life of12.5 \text{ years}.Whileascendingadifficultpeak,amountaineerdiscoversdebrisfromapreviousunsuccessfulattempt,whichincludesasealedbottleofwhisky.Uponreturning,themountaineeranalysesthewhiskyanddeterminesthatitcontainsmerely. While ascending a difficult peak, a mountaineer discovers debris from a previous unsuccessful attempt, which includes a sealed bottle of whisky. Upon returning, the mountaineer analyses the whisky and determines that it contains merely1.5\%ofthe13Hof the ^{3}_{1}\text{H} radioactivity compared to a recently purchased bottle marked '8 years old'. Estimate the time that has elapsed since that unsuccessful attempt.

Options

  1. A75.7 years75.7 \text{ years}
  2. B91.7 years91.7 \text{ years}
  3. C67.7 years67.7 \text{ years}
  4. D83.7 years83.7 \text{ years}

Correct answer

A. 75.7 years75.7 \text{ years}

Step-by-step solution

Let the initial radioactivity of the natural water used to make the whisky be A0A_0.

For the recently purchased bottle marked '8 years old', the water was drawn 8 years ago. Its present radioactivity is:
A1=A0e−8λA_1 = A_0 e^{-8\lambda}

Assuming the found bottle was also an '8 years old' whisky when it was left on the peak tt years ago, the total time elapsed since its water was drawn is (t+8)(t + 8) years. Its present radioactivity is:
A2=A0e−(t+8)λA_2 = A_0 e^{-(t+8)\lambda}

Given that the found bottle contains 1.5%1.5\% of the radioactivity of the recently purchased bottle:
A2=0.015A1A_2 = 0.015 A_1

Substituting the expressions for A1A_1 and A2A_2:
A0e−(t+8)λ=0.015A0e−8λA_0 e^{-(t+8)\lambda} = 0.015 A_0 e^{-8\lambda}

Dividing both sides by A0e−8λA_0 e^{-8\lambda}:
e−λt=0.015e^{-\lambda t} = 0.015

Taking the natural logarithm on both sides:
−λt=ln⁡(0.015)-\lambda t = \ln(0.015)

Using the decay constant formula λ=ln⁡2T1/2\lambda = \dfrac{\ln 2}{T_{1/2}}:
t=−ln⁡(0.015)ln⁡2×T1/2t = \dfrac{-\ln(0.015)}{\ln 2} \times T_{1/2}

t=ln⁡(100015)ln⁡2×12.5t = \dfrac{\ln\left(\dfrac{1000}{15}\right)}{\ln 2} \times 12.5

t=ln⁡(66.67)ln⁡2×12.5t = \dfrac{\ln(66.67)}{\ln 2} \times 12.5

t≈6.059×12.5≈75.7 yearst \approx 6.059 \times 12.5 \approx 75.7 \text{ years}

The time elapsed since the unsuccessful attempt is approximately 75.7 years75.7 \text{ years}.
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