Two capacitors joined in series and connected to a battery are shown in the figure. The graph displays the variation in electric potential as one travels from left to right along the branch containing the capacitors.

Step-by-step solution

For capacitors connected in series, the charge Q on each capacitor is the same. The potential difference V across a capacitor is given by V = Q C . Since Q is constant for both capacitors, the potential difference is inversely proportional to the capacitance ( V 1 C ). From the given V-x graph, the vertical rise represents the potential difference across each capacitor. The graph clearly shows that the potential difference across the first capacitor ( V₁ ) is greater than the potential difference across the second