For a certain gas sample, the quantity C_p - C_V is 1.00 R in state...

For an ideal gas, the difference between molar heat capacities is given by Mayer's relation $C_p - C_V = R$.

In state $A$, $C_p - C_V = 1.00 R$, which indicates that the gas behaves ideally.

In state $B$, $C_p - C_V = 1.08 R$, which indicates that the gas deviates from ideal behavior.

A real gas approaches ideal behavior at low pressures and high temperatures, while it deviates from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.

Therefore, state $A$ must correspond to a lower pressure and higher temperature compared to state $B$.

This implies $p_A < p_B$ and $T_A > T_B$.