The impurity atoms that can be used to dope pure silicon to create a p -type semiconductor include those of

Step-by-step solution

Pure silicon is a Group 14 element with four valence electrons. To create a p -type semiconductor, silicon must be doped with a trivalent impurity (Group 13 element) which has three valence electrons. This creates an electron deficiency or a hole in the crystal lattice. Boron and aluminium are Group 13 elements and act as acceptor impurities to form p -type semiconductors. Phosphorus and antimony are Group 15 elements (pentavalent) and act as donor impurities to form n -type semiconductors.