NEET 2026
- Exam
- NEET
- Year
- 2026
- Subject
- Biology
- Chapter
- Chapter
NEET 2026 · Biology · Chapter
A chemical compound 'X' closely resembles a normal substrate 'S' in...
A chemical compound 'X' closely resembles a normal substrate 'S' in its molecular structure. When 'X' is introduced into a biological system, it competes with 'S' for the substrate-binding site of the enzyme, leading to a decline in overall enzyme action. According to standard biological principles, which of the following is a well-known practical application of this specific phenomenon?
Options
- AActivation of proenzymes in the digestive tract
- BEnhancement of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways
- CControl of bacterial pathogens
- DPermanent denaturation of viral proteins
Correct answer
C. Control of bacterial pathogens
Step-by-step solution
The phenomenon described is competitive inhibition, where a chemical compound (inhibitor) closely resembles the normal substrate in its molecular structure and competes for the active site of the enzyme.
A well-known practical application of competitive inhibition is the control of bacterial pathogens. For example, sulfa drugs (such as sulfanilamide) act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme that uses para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to synthesize folic acid in bacteria. By inhibiting this enzyme, the drugs prevent bacterial growth and act as effective antibacterial agents.
Answer: Control of bacterial pathogens
A well-known practical application of competitive inhibition is the control of bacterial pathogens. For example, sulfa drugs (such as sulfanilamide) act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme that uses para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to synthesize folic acid in bacteria. By inhibiting this enzyme, the drugs prevent bacterial growth and act as effective antibacterial agents.
Answer: Control of bacterial pathogens