In modern ex-situ conservation strategies, the gametes of threatened species can be maintained in viable and fertile conditions for extended periods by storing them in liquid nitrogen at -196^ C . This specific technique is referred to as:

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Cryopreservation is an ex-situ conservation strategy where gametes, seeds, or tissues of threatened species are preserved in viable and fertile conditions for extended periods by storing them at ultra-low temperatures, typically in liquid nitrogen at -196^ C . Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of plants. Somatic hybridization involves the fusion of isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants to produce a hybrid. Biofortification is the breeding o