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NEET 2026
Exam
NEET
Year
2026
Subject
Biology
Chapter
Chapter

NEET 2026 · Biology · Chapter

The given bar graph represents the utilization of ATP and NADPH...

The given bar graph represents the utilization of ATP and NADPH molecules per CO_ 2 fixed during the three main stages
The given bar graph represents the utilization of ATP and NADPH molecules per CO2CO_{2} fixed during the three main stages (I, II, and III) of the Calvin cycle. Identify the stages I, II, and III respectively.

Options

  1. AI - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration
  2. BI - Carboxylation, II - Regeneration, III - Reduction
  3. CI - Regeneration, II - Carboxylation, III - Reduction
  4. DI - Reduction, II - Regeneration, III - Carboxylation

Correct answer

A. I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration

Step-by-step solution

The Calvin cycle consists of three main stages: Carboxylation, Reduction, and Regeneration.

1. Carboxylation (Stage I): In this step, CO2CO_{2} combines with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). This step does not utilize any ATP or NADPH. This matches the graph for Stage I, where the utilization is zero.

2. Reduction (Stage II): The two molecules of 3-PGA are reduced to form triose phosphate. This process requires 2 molecules of ATP (for phosphorylation) and 2 molecules of NADPH (for reduction) per molecule of CO2CO_{2} fixed. This perfectly matches the graph for Stage II, which shows 2 ATP and 2 NADPH utilized.

3. Regeneration (Stage III): The CO2CO_{2} acceptor molecule, RuBP, is regenerated from triose phosphate to keep the cycle going. This step requires 1 molecule of ATP for phosphorylation per molecule of CO2CO_{2} fixed, and no NADPH is used. This matches the graph for Stage III, which shows 1 ATP and 0 NADPH utilized.

Therefore, the stages are I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, and III - Regeneration.

Answer: I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration
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