NEET 2026
- Exam
- NEET
- Year
- 2026
- Subject
- Biology
- Chapter
- Chapter
NEET 2026 · Biology · Chapter
The given bar graph represents the utilization of ATP and NADPH...
The given bar graph represents the utilization of ATP and NADPH molecules per fixed during the three main stages (I, II, and III) of the Calvin cycle. Identify the stages I, II, and III respectively.
Options
- AI - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration
- BI - Carboxylation, II - Regeneration, III - Reduction
- CI - Regeneration, II - Carboxylation, III - Reduction
- DI - Reduction, II - Regeneration, III - Carboxylation
Correct answer
A. I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration
Step-by-step solution
The Calvin cycle consists of three main stages: Carboxylation, Reduction, and Regeneration.
1. Carboxylation (Stage I): In this step, combines with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). This step does not utilize any ATP or NADPH. This matches the graph for Stage I, where the utilization is zero.
2. Reduction (Stage II): The two molecules of 3-PGA are reduced to form triose phosphate. This process requires 2 molecules of ATP (for phosphorylation) and 2 molecules of NADPH (for reduction) per molecule of fixed. This perfectly matches the graph for Stage II, which shows 2 ATP and 2 NADPH utilized.
3. Regeneration (Stage III): The acceptor molecule, RuBP, is regenerated from triose phosphate to keep the cycle going. This step requires 1 molecule of ATP for phosphorylation per molecule of fixed, and no NADPH is used. This matches the graph for Stage III, which shows 1 ATP and 0 NADPH utilized.
Therefore, the stages are I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, and III - Regeneration.
Answer: I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration
1. Carboxylation (Stage I): In this step, combines with Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). This step does not utilize any ATP or NADPH. This matches the graph for Stage I, where the utilization is zero.
2. Reduction (Stage II): The two molecules of 3-PGA are reduced to form triose phosphate. This process requires 2 molecules of ATP (for phosphorylation) and 2 molecules of NADPH (for reduction) per molecule of fixed. This perfectly matches the graph for Stage II, which shows 2 ATP and 2 NADPH utilized.
3. Regeneration (Stage III): The acceptor molecule, RuBP, is regenerated from triose phosphate to keep the cycle going. This step requires 1 molecule of ATP for phosphorylation per molecule of fixed, and no NADPH is used. This matches the graph for Stage III, which shows 1 ATP and 0 NADPH utilized.
Therefore, the stages are I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, and III - Regeneration.
Answer: I - Carboxylation, II - Reduction, III - Regeneration