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NEET2026BiologyChapterActual

Consider the following pairs of biological structures: (i) Sweet potato and potato (ii) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita (iii) Eyes of an octopus and a mammal (iv) Forelimbs of a cheetah and a human Which of the above pairs represent homologous structures resulting from divergent evolution?

Options

  1. A(i) and (iii)
  2. B(ii) and (iv)
  3. C(i) and (iv)
  4. D(ii) and (iii)

Correct answer

B. (ii) and (iv)

Step-by-step solution

Homologous structures are those that share a common ancestry and basic anatomical plan but have been modified to perform different functions. This is a result of divergent evolution. Analogous structures are those that have different anatomical origins but perform similar functions due to adaptation to similar environments. This is a result of convergent evolution. (i) Sweet potato is a modified root and potato is a modified stem. Both store food, making them analogous structures. (ii) Thorns of Bougainvillea and t

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