A capacitor ladder network is constructed with a common ground line and a top line having 5 nodes (including the input node). There are 4 capacitors, each of capacitance 2 F , connected in series between the adjacent nodes on the top line. A capacitor of 1 F is connected from the input node to the ground line, and similarly, a 1 F capacitor is connected from each of the next three intermediate nodes to the ground lin

Step-by-step solution

Let the nodes on the top line be N₀ (input), N₁, N₂, N₃ , and N₄ (far-end). Starting from the far end, the capacitor between N₄ and ground ( 2 F ) is in series with the capacitor between N₃ and N₄ ( 2 F ). The equivalent capacitance of this branch is C_s = 2 2 2 + 2 = 1 F . This combination is in parallel with the shunt capacitor at N₃ ( 1 F ). The equivalent capacitance at N₃ to ground is C_p = 1 + 1 = 2 F . This pattern repeats for each stage. The equivalent capacitance at N₂ to ground will be 1 F (from the serie