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Consider the following statements regarding the mechanism of the nitration of benzene: A. In the nitrating mixture, HNO₃ acts as a Bronsted base. B. The generation of the NO₂^+ electrophile involves the heterolytic cleavage of the O-N bond in protonated nitric acid. C. The intermediate arenium ion (sigma complex) formed during the attack of NO₂^+ is aromatic in nature. D. The breaking of the C-H bond to restore aroma

Options

  1. AB and C only
  2. BA, B and C only
  3. CB and D only
  4. DA and B only

Correct answer

D. A and B only

Step-by-step solution

Statement A is correct: In the nitrating mixture (concentrated HNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄ ), H₂SO₄ is a stronger acid and donates a proton to HNO₃ . Thus, HNO₃ accepts a proton and acts as a Bronsted base. Statement B is correct: The protonated nitric acid ( H₂O^+-NO₂ ) undergoes heterolytic cleavage of the O-N bond. The bonding electrons move to the more electronegative oxygen atom, releasing a neutral water molecule and generating the nitronium ion ( NO₂^+ ). Statement C is incorrect: The intermediate arenium io

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