In secondary succession, the species that invades depends on the following EXCEPT:

Step-by-step solution

Secondary succession occurs in areas where natural biotic communities have been destroyed but soil or sediment is already present. Since soil is already present, the process does not depend on the development of soil, which is a characteristic of primary succession. The species that invade during secondary succession depend on the condition of the existing soil, availability of water, the environment, and the types of seeds or other propagules present. Answer: development of soil.