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MHT CET 202621 AprilEvening Shift
Exam
MHT CET
Year
2026
Date
21 April
Shift
Evening Shift
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electrostatics

MHT CET 2026 · 21 April · Evening Shift · Physics · Electrostatics

A particle of mass ' M ' and charge ' q ' initially at rest is...

A particle of mass 'MM' and charge 'qq' initially at rest is accelerated by a uniform electric field 'EE' through a distance 'DD' and is then allowed to approach a fixed static charge 'QQ' of the same sign. The distance of the closest approach of the charge qq is [ ϵ0[\,\epsilon_0 = permittivity of free space ]]

Options

  1. AQq/4πϵ0DQq/4\pi\epsilon_0 D
  2. BQ/4πϵ0EDQ/4\pi\epsilon_0 ED
  3. CqQ/2πϵ0D2qQ/2\pi\epsilon_0 D^2
  4. DQ/4πϵ0EQ/4\pi\epsilon_0 E

Correct answer

B. Q/4πϵ0EDQ/4\pi\epsilon_0 ED

Step-by-step solution

Work done by the uniform electric field on the particle is given by W=qEDW = qED.

By the work-energy theorem, the kinetic energy gained by the particle is K=qEDK = qED.

When the particle approaches the fixed static charge QQ, its kinetic energy is converted into electrostatic potential energy.

At the distance of closest approach rr, the velocity of the particle becomes zero and the entire kinetic energy is stored as potential energy.

The electrostatic potential energy at distance rr is U=14πϵ0qQrU = \dfrac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \dfrac{qQ}{r}.

Equating the kinetic energy and potential energy:

qED=14πϵ0qQrqED = \dfrac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \dfrac{qQ}{r}

r=Q4πϵ0EDr = \dfrac{Q}{4\pi\epsilon_0 ED}

Answer: Q/4πϵ0EDQ/4\pi\epsilon_0 ED
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