The first phase of translation is

The steps of the translation mechanism are:

Activation of amino acids: In the presence of enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (E), a specific amino acid (AA) binds with ATP.

$A{A}_{1} + ATP\mathop{\to}_{M{g}^{+ 2}}^{Aminoacylsynthetase}A{A}_{1} - AMP - Enzymecomplex + PPi$

b) Charging of tRNA: The AA₁–AMP–E₁ complex reacts with specific tRNA. Thus, the amino acid is transferred to tRNA. As a result, the enzyme and AMP are liberated. It is also called aminoacylation of tRNA.

$A{A}_{1} - AMP - Enzymecomplex + tRNA \to A{A}_{1} - tRNA + AMP + Enzyme$