Elements of Group 16 generally show a lower value of the first ionization enthalpy compared to the corresponding periods of Group 15. Why?

Options

1. AGroup 16 elements have more protons in their nuclei, making it easier to remove an electron.
2. BGroup 16 elements have smaller atomic sizes, leading to stronger electron-nucleus attractions.
3. CGroup 16 elements have more stable electron configurations when they lose an electron.
4. DGroup 16 elements have a higher effective nuclear charge, facilitating electron removal.