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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Centre of Mass, Linear momentum, Collision

A particle of mass 100 g travelling at an initial speed u collides...

A particle of mass 100 g100 \text{ g} travelling at an initial speed uu collides with another particle of the same mass initially at rest. If the total kinetic energy after the collision becomes 0.2 J0.2 \text{ J}, determine the minimum and maximum values of uu.

Options

  1. A22 m/s2\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s} and 4 m/s4 \text{ m/s}
  2. B2 m/s\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s} and 2 m/s2 \text{ m/s}
  3. C1 m/s1 \text{ m/s} and 2 m/s\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}
  4. D2 m/s2 \text{ m/s} and 22 m/s2\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}

Correct answer

D. 2 m/s2 \text{ m/s} and 22 m/s2\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}

Step-by-step solution

Given mass of each particle, m=100 g=0.1 kgm = 100 \text{ g} = 0.1 \text{ kg}.

Let the initial velocity of the first particle be uu and the coefficient of restitution be ee.

The velocity of the center of mass is vcm=mu+m(0)m+m=u2v_{cm} = \dfrac{m u + m(0)}{m + m} = \dfrac{u}{2}.

The final kinetic energy of the system can be written as the sum of the kinetic energy of the center of mass and the kinetic energy relative to the center of mass:

Kf=12(2m)vcm2+12μvrel,f2K_f = \dfrac{1}{2}(2m)v_{cm}^2 + \dfrac{1}{2}\mu v_{rel,f}^2

where reduced mass μ=m⋅mm+m=m2\mu = \dfrac{m \cdot m}{m + m} = \dfrac{m}{2} and final relative velocity vrel,f=euv_{rel,f} = e u.

Substituting these values, we get:

Kf=m(u2)2+12(m2)(eu)2=mu24(1+e2)K_f = m\left(\dfrac{u}{2}\right)^2 + \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{m}{2}\right)(eu)^2 = \dfrac{mu^2}{4}(1 + e^2)

Given Kf=0.2 JK_f = 0.2 \text{ J} and m=0.1 kgm = 0.1 \text{ kg}:

0.2=0.1u24(1+e2)0.2 = \dfrac{0.1 u^2}{4}(1 + e^2)

u2(1+e2)=8u^2(1 + e^2) = 8

u=81+e2u = \sqrt{\dfrac{8}{1 + e^2}}

For the minimum value of uu, the denominator must be maximum, which occurs for a perfectly elastic collision (e=1e = 1):

u_\min = \sqrt{\dfrac{8}{1 + 1}} = \sqrt{4} = 2 \text{ m/s}

For the maximum value of uu, the denominator must be minimum, which occurs for a perfectly inelastic collision (e=0e = 0):

u_\max = \sqrt{\dfrac{8}{1 + 0}} = \sqrt{8} = 2\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}

Thus, the minimum and maximum values of uu are 2 m/s2 \text{ m/s} and 22 m/s2\sqrt{2} \text{ m/s}.
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