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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Simple Harmonic Motion

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Simple Harmonic Motion

A particle of mass m is connected to three springs A , B , and C...

A particle of mass mm is connected to three springs AA, BB, and CC having equal force constants kk, as shown in the figure. If the particle is pushed slightly against spring CC and then released, determine its time period of oscillation.
A particle of mass m is connected to three springs A , B , and C having equal force constants k , as shown in the

Options

  1. A2πm3k2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{3k}}
  2. B2πm2k2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{2k}}
  3. C2πmk2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{k}}
  4. D2π2mk2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{2m}{k}}

Correct answer

B. 2πm2k2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{2k}}

Step-by-step solution

Let the mass be at the origin (0,0)(0,0).

The directions of the springs are:
Spring A: along the positive x-axis (i^\hat{i})
Spring B: along the positive y-axis (j^\hat{j})
Spring C: at 45∘45^\circ to the negative x-axis, along −12i^−12j^-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\hat{i} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\hat{j}

When the particle is displaced by a small distance xx against spring C, the displacement vector is:
s⃗=x(−12i^−12j^)\vec{s} = x\left(-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\hat{i} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\hat{j}\right)

The extensions (or compressions) in the springs are the components of s⃗\vec{s} along their respective directions:
For spring C, the displacement is directly along its axis, so it is compressed by xx. The restoring force is FC=kxF_C = kx directed towards the origin.
For spring A, the extension is the magnitude of the component of s⃗\vec{s} along i^\hat{i}, which is xcos⁡45∘=x2x \cos 45^\circ = \dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2}}. The restoring force is FA=kx2F_A = \dfrac{kx}{\sqrt{2}} along i^\hat{i}.
For spring B, the extension is the magnitude of the component of s⃗\vec{s} along j^\hat{j}, which is xcos⁡45∘=x2x \cos 45^\circ = \dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2}}. The restoring force is FB=kx2F_B = \dfrac{kx}{\sqrt{2}} along j^\hat{j}.

The net restoring force along the line of displacement (towards the origin) is the sum of the components of these forces along that line:
Fnet=FC+FAcos⁡45∘+FBcos⁡45∘F_{net} = F_C + F_A \cos 45^\circ + F_B \cos 45^\circ
Fnet=kx+(kx2)(12)+(kx2)(12)F_{net} = kx + \left(\dfrac{kx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + \left(\dfrac{kx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)
Fnet=kx+kx2+kx2=2kxF_{net} = kx + \dfrac{kx}{2} + \dfrac{kx}{2} = 2kx

The effective spring constant is keff=2kk_{eff} = 2k.

The time period of oscillation is:
T=2πmkeff=2πm2kT = 2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{k_{eff}}} = 2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{2k}}

Answer: 2πm2k2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{2k}}
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