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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Work and Energy

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Work and Energy

A spring is fixed at the bottom end of an incline of inclination...

A spring is fixed at the bottom end of an incline of inclination 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}}. A small block of mass 2 kg2 \text{ kg} begins slipping down the incline from a point 4.8 m4.8 \text{ m} away from the spring. The block compresses the spring by 20 cm20 \text{ cm}, comes to a momentary halt, and subsequently rebounds through a distance of 1 m1 \text{ m} up the incline. Determine the spring constant of the spring. Take g=10 m/s2g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2.

Options

  1. A2000 N/m2000 \text{ N/m}
  2. B800 N/m800 \text{ N/m}
  3. C1000 N/m1000 \text{ N/m}
  4. D500 N/m500 \text{ N/m}

Correct answer

C. 1000 N/m1000 \text{ N/m}

Step-by-step solution

Let the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline be μ\mu.

During the downward motion, the block travels a total distance s1=4.8+0.2=5 ms_1 = 4.8 + 0.2 = 5 \text{ m} before coming to a momentary halt. Applying the work-energy theorem from the initial position to the point of maximum compression:

Wgravity+Wfriction+Wspring=ΔKW_{\text{gravity}} + W_{\text{friction}} + W_{\text{spring}} = \Delta K

mg s_1 \sin 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} - \mu mg s_1 \cos 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} - \dfrac{1}{2} k x^2 = 0

Substituting m=2 kgm = 2 \text{ kg}, g=10 m/s2g = 10 \text{ m/s}^2, s1=5 ms_1 = 5 \text{ m}, x=0.2 mx = 0.2 \text{ m}, \sin 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} = \dfrac{3}{5}, and \cos 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} = \dfrac{4}{5}:

2×10×5×35−μ×2×10×5×45=12k(0.2)22 \times 10 \times 5 \times \dfrac{3}{5} - \mu \times 2 \times 10 \times 5 \times \dfrac{4}{5} = \dfrac{1}{2} k (0.2)^2

60−80μ=0.02k60 - 80\mu = 0.02k

During the upward rebound, the block travels a distance s2=1 ms_2 = 1 \text{ m} up the incline from the point of maximum compression. Applying the work-energy theorem for the upward journey:

-mg s_2 \sin 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} - \mu mg s_2 \cos 37^{}^{{}^{\circ}} + \dfrac{1}{2} k x^2 = 0

Substituting the values with s2=1 ms_2 = 1 \text{ m}:

−2×10×1×35−μ×2×10×1×45+0.02k=0-2 \times 10 \times 1 \times \dfrac{3}{5} - \mu \times 2 \times 10 \times 1 \times \dfrac{4}{5} + 0.02k = 0

−12−16μ+0.02k=0-12 - 16\mu + 0.02k = 0

0.02k=12+16μ0.02k = 12 + 16\mu

Equating the two expressions for 0.02k0.02k:

60−80μ=12+16μ60 - 80\mu = 12 + 16\mu

48=96μ⇒μ=0.548 = 96\mu \Rightarrow \mu = 0.5

Substituting μ=0.5\mu = 0.5 into the equation for kk:

0.02k=12+16(0.5)0.02k = 12 + 16(0.5)

0.02k=200.02k = 20

k=200.02=1000 N/mk = \dfrac{20}{0.02} = 1000 \text{ N/m}
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