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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Circular Motion

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 1] · Physics · Circular Motion

A car of mass m attempts to navigate a circular road of radius r...

A car of mass mm attempts to navigate a circular road of radius rr which is banked for a speed v=40 km/hrv = 40 \text{ km/hr}. The coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road is negligible.

Options

  1. AIf the car attempts the turn at a speed lower than 40 km/hr40 \text{ km/hr}, it will slip downwards
  2. BThe car is unable to execute a turn without skidding
  3. CWhen the car turns at the exact speed of 40 km/hr40 \text{ km/hr}, the force exerted by the road on the car exceeds mgmg and also exceeds mv2r\dfrac{mv^2}{r}
  4. DWhen the car turns at the exact speed of 40 km/hr40 \text{ km/hr}, the force exerted by the road on the car equals mv2r\dfrac{mv^2}{r}

Correct answer

C. When the car turns at the exact speed of 40 km/hr40 \text{ km/hr}, the force exerted by the road on the car exceeds mgmg and also exceeds mv2r\dfrac{mv^2}{r}

Step-by-step solution

The road is banked at an angle θ\theta such that tan⁡θ=v02rg\tan \theta = \dfrac{v_0^2}{rg}, where v0=40 km/hrv_0 = 40 \text{ km/hr}.

When the car moves at a speed vv, the forces acting on it are the normal force NN and gravity mgmg.

Resolving forces along the incline, the downward component of gravity is mgsin⁡θmg \sin \theta and the required centripetal component is mv2rcos⁡θ\dfrac{mv^2}{r} \cos \theta.

If v<v0v < v_0, mgsin⁡θ>mv2rcos⁡θmg \sin \theta > \dfrac{mv^2}{r} \cos \theta. Since friction is negligible, there is a net downward force along the incline, causing the car to slip downwards. Thus, option (1) is correct.

When the car moves at exactly v=40 km/hrv = 40 \text{ km/hr}, it does not slip. The normal force NN provides both the vertical balance and the centripetal force:

Ncos⁡θ=mgN \cos \theta = mg

Nsin⁡θ=mv2rN \sin \theta = \dfrac{mv^2}{r}

Squaring and adding these equations gives the total force exerted by the road on the car:

N=(mg)2+(mv2r)2N = \sqrt{(mg)^2 + \left(\dfrac{mv^2}{r}\right)^2}

Since both mgmg and mv2r\dfrac{mv^2}{r} are non-zero positive quantities, N>mgN > mg and N>mv2rN > \dfrac{mv^2}{r}. Thus, option (3) is correct.
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