For which of the following instruments is the final image erect?

In a Galilean telescope, the objective is a convex lens and the eyepiece is a concave lens. The concave eyepiece intercepts the converging rays from the objective before they form a real image, resulting in a final image that is virtual and erect with respect to the original object.

In an astronomical telescope, both the objective and eyepiece are convex lenses. The final image formed is virtual and inverted with respect to the original object.

In a compound microscope, both lenses are convex, and the final image is virtual and inverted with respect to the original object.

In a simple microscope, a single convex lens is used. When the object is placed between the optical center and the principal focus, the lens forms a virtual, magnified, and erect image.

Therefore, the Galilean telescope and the simple microscope produce an erect final image.