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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Laws of Thermodynamics

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Laws of Thermodynamics

A gas undergoes a thermodynamic process along the path AB as...

A gas undergoes a thermodynamic process along the path ABAB as depicted in the figure. Determine the change in the internal energy of the system given that 70 cal70 \text{ cal} of heat is extracted from the gas during this process.
A gas undergoes a thermodynamic process along the path AB as depicted in the figure. Determine the change in the

Options

  1. A−241 J-241 \text{ J}
  2. B−346 J-346 \text{ J}
  3. C346 J346 \text{ J}
  4. D241 J241 \text{ J}

Correct answer

A. −241 J-241 \text{ J}

Step-by-step solution

From the given graph, the initial and final states of the gas are:
PA=200 kPaP_A = 200 \text{ kPa}, VA=250 ccV_A = 250 \text{ cc}
PB=500 kPaP_B = 500 \text{ kPa}, VB=100 ccV_B = 100 \text{ cc}

The work done by the gas during the linear process from A to B is given by the area under the P-V curve:
W=∫P dV=12(PA+PB)(VB−VA)W = \int P \, dV = \dfrac{1}{2}(P_A + P_B)(V_B - V_A)
W=12(200+500)×103×(100−250)×10−6 JW = \dfrac{1}{2}(200 + 500) \times 10^3 \times (100 - 250) \times 10^{-6} \text{ J}
W=12(700×103)×(−150×10−6) J=−52.5 JW = \dfrac{1}{2}(700 \times 10^3) \times (-150 \times 10^{-6}) \text{ J} = -52.5 \text{ J}

Since 70 cal70 \text{ cal} of heat is extracted from the gas, the heat added to the system is negative. Using the conversion 1 cal≈4.2 J1 \text{ cal} \approx 4.2 \text{ J}:
Q=−70 cal≈−70×4.2 J=−294 JQ = -70 \text{ cal} \approx -70 \times 4.2 \text{ J} = -294 \text{ J}

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy is:
ΔU=Q−W\Delta U = Q - W
ΔU=−294 J−(−52.5 J)=−241.5 J\Delta U = -294 \text{ J} - (-52.5 \text{ J}) = -241.5 \text{ J}

Rounding to the nearest integer, the change in internal energy is approximately −241 J-241 \text{ J}.

Answer: −241 J-241 \text{ J}
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