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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Photoelectric Effect and Wave–Particle Duality

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Photoelectric Effect and Wave–Particle Duality

A small piece of cesium metal ( φ = 1.9 eV ) is positioned 20 cm...

A small piece of cesium metal (ϕ=1.9 eV\phi = 1.9 \text{ eV}) is positioned 20 cm20 \text{ cm} away from a large metal plate. The surface of the plate facing the cesium piece carries a charge density of 1.0×10−9 C m−21.0 \times 10^{-9} \text{ C m}^{-2}. Monochromatic light with a wavelength of 400 nm400 \text{ nm} illuminates the cesium piece. Considering the fastest electron emitted parallel to the large metal plate, determine its displacement parallel to its initial velocity right before it hits the plate. Assume the electric field remains unaffected by the presence of the small piece of cesium.

Options

  1. A9.2 cm9.2 \text{ cm}
  2. B4.6 cm4.6 \text{ cm}
  3. C13.0 cm13.0 \text{ cm}
  4. D14.8 cm14.8 \text{ cm}

Correct answer

A. 9.2 cm9.2 \text{ cm}

Step-by-step solution

The energy of the incident photon is given by:

E=hcλ=1240 eV nm400 nm=3.1 eVE = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda} = \dfrac{1240 \text{ eV nm}}{400 \text{ nm}} = 3.1 \text{ eV}

Using Einstein's photoelectric equation, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electron is:

K_\max = E - \phi = 3.1 \text{ eV} - 1.9 \text{ eV} = 1.2 \text{ eV}

The fastest electron emitted parallel to the plate has its entire kinetic energy in the direction parallel to the plate. Its initial velocity vv is:

v = \sqrt{\dfrac{2 K_\max}{m}}

For a large metal plate, the electric field just outside the surface carrying a local surface charge density σ\sigma is given by Gauss's law as:

Efield=σε0=1.0×10−98.85×10−12≈113 V/mE_{\text{field}} = \dfrac{\sigma}{\varepsilon_0} = \dfrac{1.0 \times 10^{-9}}{8.85 \times 10^{-12}} \approx 113 \text{ V/m}

The electric force on the electron is perpendicular to its initial velocity, causing an acceleration towards the plate:

a=eEfieldma = \dfrac{e E_{\text{field}}}{m}

The time tt taken for the electron to travel the distance d=0.2 md = 0.2 \text{ m} to the plate is:

d=12at2⇒t=2da=2dmeEfieldd = \dfrac{1}{2} a t^2 \Rightarrow t = \sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{a}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{2d m}{e E_{\text{field}}}}

The displacement xx parallel to the initial velocity right before it hits the plate is:

x = v t = \sqrt{\dfrac{2 K_\max}{m}} \sqrt{\dfrac{2d m}{e E_{\text{field}}}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{4 d K_\max}{e E_{\text{field}}}}

Substituting the values (note that K_\max = 1.2 \text{ e} Joules):

x=4×0.2 m×1.2 eVe×113 V/m=0.96113 m2x = \sqrt{\dfrac{4 \times 0.2 \text{ m} \times 1.2 \text{ eV}}{e \times 113 \text{ V/m}}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{0.96}{113} \text{ m}^2}

x=0.008496 m≈0.092 m=9.2 cmx = \sqrt{0.008496} \text{ m} \approx 0.092 \text{ m} = 9.2 \text{ cm}
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