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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Permanent Magnets

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Permanent Magnets

As illustrated in the figure, two short magnets with equal dipole...

As illustrated in the figure, two short magnets with equal dipole moments MM are joined perpendicularly at their centres. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance dd from the centre along the bisector of the right angle?
As illustrated in the figure, two short magnets with equal dipole moments M are joined perpendicularly at their

Options

  1. Aμ04π22Md3\dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{2\sqrt{2} M}{d^3}
  2. Bμ04π2Md3\dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{2M}{d^3}
  3. Cμ04π2Md3\dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{\sqrt{2} M}{d^3}
  4. Dμ04πMd3\dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{M}{d^3}

Correct answer

A. μ04π22Md3\dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{2\sqrt{2} M}{d^3}

Step-by-step solution

Let the centre of the two magnets be at the origin (0,0)(0,0).

The horizontal magnet has its South pole on the left and North pole on the right. Its magnetic dipole moment is directed from South to North, so M⃗1=Mi^\vec{M}_1 = M \hat{i}.

The vertical magnet has its South pole at the bottom and North pole at the top. Its magnetic dipole moment is also directed from South to North, so M⃗2=Mj^\vec{M}_2 = M \hat{j}.

The net magnetic dipole moment of the system is the vector sum of the individual dipole moments:
M⃗net=M⃗1+M⃗2=Mi^+Mj^\vec{M}_{net} = \vec{M}_1 + \vec{M}_2 = M \hat{i} + M \hat{j}

The magnitude of the net dipole moment is:
∣M⃗net∣=M2+M2=2M|\vec{M}_{net}| = \sqrt{M^2 + M^2} = \sqrt{2}M

The direction of M⃗net\vec{M}_{net} is at an angle of 45∘45^{\circ} to the positive x-axis, which is along the bisector of the angle between the two North poles.

The point PP is at a distance dd along the bisector of the angle between the two South poles. This direction is exactly opposite to the direction of the net dipole moment. Therefore, the point PP lies on the axial line of the equivalent net dipole.

The magnitude of the magnetic field on the axial line of a short dipole at a distance dd is given by:
B=μ04π2∣M⃗net∣d3B = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{2|\vec{M}_{net}|}{d^3}

Substituting ∣M⃗net∣=2M|\vec{M}_{net}| = \sqrt{2}M, we get:
B=μ04π22Md3B = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \dfrac{2\sqrt{2}M}{d^3}
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