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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Heat Transfer

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Heat Transfer

A solid sphere and a hollow sphere made of the same material and...

A solid sphere and a hollow sphere made of the same material and having equal radii are heated to an identical temperature.

Options

  1. AThe two spheres will possess equal temperatures at any given instant.
  2. BThe initial rate of cooling (dT/dtdT/dt) will be equal for the two spheres.
  3. CIn the beginning, both will emit an equal amount of radiation per unit time.
  4. DIn the beginning, both will absorb an equal amount of radiation from the surroundings.

Correct answer

D. In the beginning, both will absorb an equal amount of radiation from the surroundings.

Step-by-step solution

The rate of emission of radiation by a body is given by Stefan-Boltzmann law:

E=eσAT4E = e \sigma A T^4

Since both the solid and hollow spheres have the same radius, their surface areas AA are equal. Being made of the same material, their emissivities ee are equal. As their initial temperatures TT are identical, both spheres will emit an equal amount of radiation per unit time in the beginning.

The rate of absorption of radiation from the surroundings is given by:

Pabs=aσAT04P_{abs} = a \sigma A T_0^4

where T0T_0 is the temperature of the surroundings and aa is the absorptivity. Since aa and AA are the same for both spheres, they will absorb an equal amount of radiation from the surroundings.

The rate of cooling is given by:

dTdt=eσA(T4−T04)mc\dfrac{dT}{dt} = \dfrac{e \sigma A (T^4 - T_0^4)}{mc}

Since the solid sphere has a greater mass mm than the hollow sphere, its initial rate of cooling will be lesser. Consequently, their temperatures will differ at any subsequent instant.
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