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JEE Main 20205 SeptemberEvening Shift
Exam
JEE Main
Year
2020
Date
5 September
Shift
Evening Shift
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Thermal Properties of Matter

JEE Main 2020 · 5 September · Evening Shift · Physics · Thermal Properties of Matter

Two different wires having lengths L _ 1 and L _ 2 and respective...

Two different wires having lengths L1{L}_{1} and L2{L}_{2} and respective temperature coefficient of linear expansion α1{\alpha}_{1} and α2,{\alpha}_{2}, are joined end-to-end. Then the effective temperature coefficient of linear expansion is :

Options

  1. Aα1L1+α2L2L1+L2\dfrac{{\alpha}_{1}{L}_{1} + {\alpha}_{2}{L}_{2}}{{L}_{1} + {L}_{2}}
  2. B2α1α22\sqrt{{\alpha}_{1}{\alpha}_{2}}
  3. Cα1+α22\dfrac{{\alpha}_{1} + {\alpha}_{2}}{2}
  4. D4\dfrac{{\alpha}_{1}{\alpha}_{2}}{{\alpha}_{1} + {\alpha}_{2}}\dfrac{{L}_{2}{L}_{1}}{{\left({L}_{2} + {L}_{1}\right)}^{2}}

Correct answer

A. α1L1+α2L2L1+L2\dfrac{{\alpha}_{1}{L}_{1} + {\alpha}_{2}{L}_{2}}{{L}_{1} + {L}_{2}}

Step-by-step solution

The wire are joined end-to-end, so they are in series combination, then total length of wire is given by
L=L1+L2...(1)L = {L}_{1} + {L}_{2} . . . ( 1 )

When the temperature is increase by ∆θ∆ \theta, then its final length is given by using concept of linear expansion,
L′=L(1+α∆θ)...(2){L}^{'} = L ( 1 + \alpha ∆ \theta ) . . . ( 2 )

Using equation (1)( 1 ) and (2)( 2 ) for the series combination of wires, final length is given by

L′=L1′+L2′...(3){L}^{'} = {{L}_{1}}^{'} + {{L}_{2}}^{'} . . . ( 3 )

⇒(L1+L2)(1+αeff∆θ)=L1(1+α1∆θ)+L2(1+α2∆θ)⇒ \left({L}_{1} + {L}_{2}\right) ( 1 + {\alpha}_{eff} ∆ \theta ) = {L}_{1} ( 1 + {\alpha}_{1} ∆ \theta ) + {L}_{2} ( 1 + {\alpha}_{2} ∆ \theta )

⇒αeff=L1α1+L2α2(L1+L2)⇒ {\alpha}_{eff} = \dfrac{{L}_{1}{\alpha}_{1} + {L}_{2}{\alpha}_{2}}{\left({L}_{1} + {L}_{2}\right)}

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