Aniline (boiling point 184^ C ) is often purified from a crude mixture using steam distillation. Which of the following statements correctly describe the principles of this purification process? I. The aniline-water mixture will boil at a temperature strictly below 100^ C . II. At the boiling point of the mixture, the vapor pressure of aniline alone is equal to the atmospheric pressure. III. Steam distillation is eff

Step-by-step solution

Steam distillation is a separation process used to purify temperature-sensitive organic compounds that are immiscible with water. In steam distillation, the mixture of immiscible liquids (aniline and water) boils when the sum of their individual vapor pressures equals the atmospheric pressure. This means P_ total = P_ water + P_ aniline = P_ atm . Therefore, Statement IV is correct, and Statement II is incorrect. Because the total vapor pressure reaches atmospheric pressure at a lower temperature than the boiling p