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NEET 2026
Exam
NEET
Year
2026
Subject
Chemistry
Chapter
Chapter

NEET 2026 · Chemistry · Chapter

Assertion : The H-O-H bond angle in H_2O is smaller than the H-N-H...

Assertion : The H−O−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H} bond angle in H2O\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} is smaller than the H−N−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H} bond angle in NH3\mathrm{NH}_3.
Reason : The oxygen atom in water has two lone pairs of electrons which exert greater repulsion on the bond pairs compared to the single lone pair on the nitrogen atom in ammonia.

Options

  1. ABoth Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
  2. BBoth Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
  3. CAssertion is true but Reason is false.
  4. DBoth Assertion and Reason are false.

Correct answer

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Step-by-step solution

In H2O\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}, the central oxygen atom is sp3sp^3 hybridized and possesses two lone pairs and two bond pairs. The H−O−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H} bond angle is approximately 104.5∘104.5^{\circ}.

In NH3\mathrm{NH}_3, the central nitrogen atom is also sp3sp^3 hybridized but possesses one lone pair and three bond pairs. The H−N−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H} bond angle is approximately 107∘107^{\circ}.

Thus, the H−O−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H} bond angle is smaller than the H−N−H\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H} bond angle, making the Assertion true.

According to VSEPR theory, lone pair-lone pair repulsion is stronger than lone pair-bond pair repulsion. The presence of two lone pairs on the oxygen atom in water causes greater repulsion on the adjacent bond pairs compared to the single lone pair on the nitrogen atom in ammonia. This greater repulsion compresses the bond angle more in water than in ammonia.

Therefore, the Reason is true and is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

Answer: Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
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