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JEE Main
Exam
JEE Main
Subject
Mathematics
Chapter
Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

JEE Main · Mathematics · Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Let S = ∑_ k=1 ^ 5 ^2 ( (kπ)/(11) ) and P = _ k=1 ^ 5 ( (kπ)/(11) )...

Let S=∑k=15sin⁡2(kπ11)S = \sum_{k=1}^{5} \sin^2 \left( \dfrac{k\pi}{11} \right) and P = \prod_{k=1}^{5} \cos \left( \dfrac{k\pi}{11} \right).Thevalueoftheratio. The value of the ratio\dfrac{S}{P} is equal to:

Options

  1. A8080
  2. B−88-88
  3. C176176
  4. D8888

Correct answer

D. 8888

Step-by-step solution

Given, S=∑k=15sin⁡2(kπ11)S = \sum_{k=1}^{5} \sin^2 \left( \dfrac{k\pi}{11} \right)

Using the identity sin⁡2θ=1−cos⁡2θ2\sin^2 \theta = \dfrac{1 - \cos 2\theta}{2}, we get:
S=12∑k=15(1−cos⁡2kπ11)=52−12∑k=15cos⁡2kπ11S = \dfrac{1}{2} \sum_{k=1}^{5} \left( 1 - \cos \dfrac{2k\pi}{11} \right) = \dfrac{5}{2} - \dfrac{1}{2} \sum_{k=1}^{5} \cos \dfrac{2k\pi}{11}

Let C=cos⁡2π11+cos⁡4π11+cos⁡6π11+cos⁡8π11+cos⁡10π11C = \cos \dfrac{2\pi}{11} + \cos \dfrac{4\pi}{11} + \cos \dfrac{6\pi}{11} + \cos \dfrac{8\pi}{11} + \cos \dfrac{10\pi}{11}
Multiplying and dividing by 2sin⁡π112 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}:
C=2sin⁡π11cos⁡2π11+⋯+2sin⁡π11cos⁡10π112sin⁡π11C = \dfrac{2 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{2\pi}{11} + \dots + 2 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{10\pi}{11}}{2 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}}

Using 2sin⁡Acos⁡B=sin⁡(A+B)−sin⁡(B−A)2 \sin A \cos B = \sin(A+B) - \sin(B-A):
C=(sin⁡3π11−sin⁡π11)+(sin⁡5π11−sin⁡3π11)+⋯+(sin⁡11π11−sin⁡9π11)2sin⁡π11C = \dfrac{(\sin \dfrac{3\pi}{11} - \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}) + (\sin \dfrac{5\pi}{11} - \sin \dfrac{3\pi}{11}) + \dots + (\sin \dfrac{11\pi}{11} - \sin \dfrac{9\pi}{11})}{2 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}}

This is a telescoping sum that simplifies to:
C=sin⁡π−sin⁡π112sin⁡π11=−12C = \dfrac{\sin \pi - \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}}{2 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}} = -\dfrac{1}{2}

Thus, S=52−12(−12)=114S = \dfrac{5}{2} - \dfrac{1}{2} \left( -\dfrac{1}{2} \right) = \dfrac{11}{4}

Now for the product P=cos⁡π11cos⁡2π11cos⁡3π11cos⁡4π11cos⁡5π11P = \cos \dfrac{\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{2\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{3\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{4\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{5\pi}{11}
We know cos⁡3π11=−cos⁡(π−3π11)=−cos⁡8π11\cos \dfrac{3\pi}{11} = -\cos \left( \pi - \dfrac{3\pi}{11} \right) = -\cos \dfrac{8\pi}{11}
And cos⁡5π11=−cos⁡(π−5π11)=−cos⁡6π11=−cos⁡(2π−16π11)=−cos⁡16π11\cos \dfrac{5\pi}{11} = -\cos \left( \pi - \dfrac{5\pi}{11} \right) = -\cos \dfrac{6\pi}{11} = -\cos \left( 2\pi - \dfrac{16\pi}{11} \right) = -\cos \dfrac{16\pi}{11}

Substituting these into PP:
P=cos⁡π11cos⁡2π11(−cos⁡8π11)cos⁡4π11(−cos⁡16π11)P = \cos \dfrac{\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{2\pi}{11} \left( -\cos \dfrac{8\pi}{11} \right) \cos \dfrac{4\pi}{11} \left( -\cos \dfrac{16\pi}{11} \right)
P=cos⁡π11cos⁡2π11cos⁡4π11cos⁡8π11cos⁡16π11P = \cos \dfrac{\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{2\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{4\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{8\pi}{11} \cos \dfrac{16\pi}{11}

Using the identity ∏k=0n−1cos⁡(2kθ)=sin⁡(2nθ)2nsin⁡θ\prod_{k=0}^{n-1} \cos(2^k \theta) = \dfrac{\sin(2^n \theta)}{2^n \sin \theta} with n=5n=5 and θ=π11\theta = \dfrac{\pi}{11}:
P=sin⁡32π1125sin⁡π11=sin⁡(3π−π11)32sin⁡π11=sin⁡π1132sin⁡π11=132P = \dfrac{\sin \dfrac{32\pi}{11}}{2^5 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}} = \dfrac{\sin \left( 3\pi - \dfrac{\pi}{11} \right)}{32 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}} = \dfrac{\sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}}{32 \sin \dfrac{\pi}{11}} = \dfrac{1}{32}

Finally, the ratio SP=114132=114×32=88\dfrac{S}{P} = \dfrac{\dfrac{11}{4}}{\dfrac{1}{32}} = \dfrac{11}{4} \times 32 = 88.

Answer: 8888
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