Identify the correct statements from the following: I. According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, an electron can be perfectly localized at a radial node. II. The energy of the 3s orbital in He ^+ is lower (more negative) than the energy of the 3s orbital in Li ²⁺ . III. The outermost orbital of a ground-state Chromium atom has 3 radial nodes. IV. The 1s orbital of He ^+ is smaller in size than the 1s orbital o

Step-by-step solution

Statement I is incorrect. Perfect localization of an electron ( x = 0 ) implies infinite uncertainty in momentum ( p ), which violates quantum mechanical principles. A node is a region where the probability density is zero, not a classical exact location. Statement II is incorrect. For hydrogen-like species, the energy of an orbital is given by E_n - Z^2 n^2 . For He ^+ ( Z=2 ), E - 4 9 . For Li ²⁺ ( Z=3 ), E - 9 9 . Since -1 is more negative than -0.44 , the energy of the 3s orbital in Li ²⁺ is lower than that in