Which of the following exhibits - I effect?

Step-by-step solution

The inductive effect refers to the polarization of a -bond due to the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature of adjacent groups or atoms. Groups that withdraw electrons more strongly than hydrogen exhibit a - I effect, while groups that donate electrons more strongly than hydrogen exhibit a + I effect. Alkyl groups such as - CH ₃ , - C ₂ H ₅ , and - C ( CH ₃)₃ are electron-donating and show a + I effect. The - NO ₂ group contains highly electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms, making it a strong electro