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MHT CET 202625 AprilEvening Shift
Exam
MHT CET
Year
2026
Date
25 April
Shift
Evening Shift
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Thermal Properties of Matter

MHT CET 2026 · 25 April · Evening Shift · Physics · Thermal Properties of Matter

Assuming the Sun to be a perfectly spherical black body of radius R...

Assuming the Sun to be a perfectly spherical black body of radius RR and is at a temperature T KT\ \text{K}, then the total radiant power incident on the Earth at a distance rr from the sun is ( consider RoR_o is the radius of the Earth and σ\sigma is Stefan's constant).

Options

  1. AπR2Ro2σT4r2\dfrac{\pi R^2 R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{r^2}
  2. BπR2σT4Ro2r2\dfrac{\pi R^2 \sigma T^4}{R_o^2 r^2}
  3. CπRo2σT4R2r2\dfrac{\pi R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{R^2 r^2}
  4. DRo2σT4πR2r2\dfrac{R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{\pi R^2 r^2}

Correct answer

A. πR2Ro2σT4r2\dfrac{\pi R^2 R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{r^2}

Step-by-step solution

The total power radiated by the Sun is given by Stefan's law:

P=σAT4=σ(4πR2)T4P = \sigma A T^4 = \sigma (4\pi R^2) T^4

The intensity of this radiation at a distance rr from the Sun is:

I=P4πr2=σ(4πR2)T44πr2=σR2T4r2I = \dfrac{P}{4\pi r^2} = \dfrac{\sigma (4\pi R^2) T^4}{4\pi r^2} = \dfrac{\sigma R^2 T^4}{r^2}

The Earth intercepts this radiation over its cross-sectional area, which is πRo2\pi R_o^2.

The total radiant power incident on the Earth is:

Pincident=I×πRo2=πR2Ro2σT4r2P_{incident} = I \times \pi R_o^2 = \dfrac{\pi R^2 R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{r^2}

Answer: πR2Ro2σT4r2\dfrac{\pi R^2 R_o^2 \sigma T^4}{r^2}
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