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NDA 2025
Exam
NDA
Year
2025
Subject
Mathematics
Chapter
Probability

NDA 2025 · Mathematics · Probability

An event X can happen with probability p and event Y can happen...

An event XX can happen with probability pp and event YY can happen with probability qq. Further, XX and YY are independent events. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
I. The probability that exactly one of the events happens is p+q−pqp + q - pq.
II. The probability that at least one of the events happens is p+q−2pqp + q - 2pq.
Select the answer using the code given below.

Options

  1. AI only
  2. BII only
  3. CBoth I and II
  4. DNeither I nor II

Correct answer

D. Neither I nor II

Step-by-step solution

Given P(X)=pP(X) = p and P(Y)=qP(Y) = q.

Since XX and YY are independent events, P(X∩Y)=P(X)P(Y)=pqP(X \cap Y) = P(X)P(Y) = pq.

The probability that exactly one of the events happens is given by P(X∩Y′)+P(X′∩Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−2P(X∩Y)=p+q−2pqP(X \cap Y') + P(X' \cap Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - 2P(X \cap Y) = p + q - 2pq.

Statement I claims this probability is p+q−pqp + q - pq, which is incorrect.

The probability that at least one of the events happens is given by P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−P(X∩Y)=p+q−pqP(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - P(X \cap Y) = p + q - pq.

Statement II claims this probability is p+q−2pqp + q - 2pq, which is also incorrect.

Therefore, neither Statement I nor Statement II is correct.

Answer: Neither I nor II
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