Identify the atoms or groups from the following that exhibit -R effect and +R effect when present on benzene ring:

Step-by-step solution

Z groups are electron withdrawing groups and decrease electron density on benzene ring. These groups (Z) are Y groups donate the electron and increases the electron density on benzene ring. These groups (Y) are - OR , - NHCOR ,-X,- NH ₂ . Thus, option (4) is correct.