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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Electric Field and Potential

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Electric Field and Potential

As shown in the figure, an electric field of magnitude 1000 ext N C...

As shown in the figure, an electric field of magnitude 1000extNC−11000 ext{ N C}^{-1} is established between two parallel plates separated by a distance of 2.0extcm2.0 ext{ cm}. Evaluate the following:
(i) The potential difference between the two plates.
(ii) The minimum speed at which an electron must be projected from the lower plate in the direction of the field in order to reach the upper plate.
(iii) The maximum height attained by the electron if it is projected from the lower plate with the speed determined in (ii), but at an angle of 60∘60^\circ relative to the electric field.
As shown in the figure, an electric field of magnitude 1000 ext N C ^ -1 is established between two parallel plates

Options

  1. A(i) 20 V20 \text{ V}, (ii) 1.87×106 m s−11.87 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}, (iii) 0.25 cm0.25 \text{ cm}
  2. B(i) 40 V40 \text{ V}, (ii) 3.75×106 m s−13.75 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}, (iii) 0.50 cm0.50 \text{ cm}
  3. C(i) 20 V20 \text{ V}, (ii) 2.65×106 m s−12.65 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}, (iii) 1.50 cm1.50 \text{ cm}
  4. D(i) 20 V20 \text{ V}, (ii) 2.65×106 m s−12.65 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}, (iii) 0.50 cm0.50 \text{ cm}

Correct answer

D. (i) 20 V20 \text{ V}, (ii) 2.65×106 m s−12.65 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}, (iii) 0.50 cm0.50 \text{ cm}

Step-by-step solution

Given:
Electric field, E=1000 N C−1E = 1000 \text{ N C}^{-1}
Distance between plates, d=2.0 cm=0.02 md = 2.0 \text{ cm} = 0.02 \text{ m}
Charge of an electron, e=1.6×10−19 Ce = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}
Mass of an electron, m=9.1×10−31 kgm = 9.1 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}

(i) The potential difference VV between the two plates is given by:
V=E×dV = E \times d
V=1000×0.02=20 VV = 1000 \times 0.02 = 20 \text{ V}

(ii) The electron is projected from the lower plate in the direction of the electric field (upwards). The electric force on the electron is downwards, so it experiences a retardation a=eEma = \dfrac{eE}{m}.
For the electron to just reach the upper plate, its final velocity at distance dd must be zero. Using the third equation of motion:
v2−u2=−2adv^2 - u^2 = -2ad
0−u2=−2(eEm)d0 - u^2 = -2 \left(\dfrac{eE}{m}\right) d
u=2eEdm=2eVmu = \sqrt{\dfrac{2eEd}{m}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{2eV}{m}}
Substituting the values:
u=2×1.6×10−19×209.1×10−31u = \sqrt{\dfrac{2 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \times 20}{9.1 \times 10^{-31}}}
u=64×10−199.1×10−31≈2.65×106 m s−1u = \sqrt{\dfrac{64 \times 10^{-19}}{9.1 \times 10^{-31}}} \approx 2.65 \times 10^6 \text{ m s}^{-1}

(iii) The electron is now projected at an angle of θ=60∘\theta = 60^\circ relative to the electric field (which is vertical).
The vertical component of the initial velocity is:
uy=ucos⁡60∘u_y = u \cos 60^\circ
The maximum height HH attained by the electron depends only on its vertical component of velocity:
H=uy22a=(ucos⁡60∘)22a=(u22a)cos⁡260∘H = \dfrac{u_y^2}{2a} = \dfrac{(u \cos 60^\circ)^2}{2a} = \left(\dfrac{u^2}{2a}\right) \cos^2 60^\circ
From part (ii), we know that u22a=d=2.0 cm\dfrac{u^2}{2a} = d = 2.0 \text{ cm}.
H=dcos⁡260∘=2.0×(12)2H = d \cos^2 60^\circ = 2.0 \times \left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2
H=2.0×14=0.50 cmH = 2.0 \times \dfrac{1}{4} = 0.50 \text{ cm}
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