Initially, a gas is at a pressure of 100 kPa with a volume of 2.0 m ^3 . While keeping the pressure constant, the volume is changed from 2.0 m ^3 to 2.5 m ^3 . Subsequently, the volume is held constant and the pressure is increased from 100 kPa to 200 kPa . Finally, the gas is returned to its initial state such that the pressure varies linearly with its volume. Determine the amount of heat that was supplied or extrac

Step-by-step solution

The given thermodynamic cycle consists of three processes: State 1 to State 2: Constant pressure expansion with P₁ = 100 kPa , V₁ = 2.0 m ^3 to V₂ = 2.5 m ^3 . State 2 to State 3: Constant volume process with V₂ = 2.5 m ^3 , P₂ = 100 kPa to P₃ = 200 kPa . State 3 to State 1: Linear return to the initial state. These processes form a right-angled triangle on the P-V diagram. For a complete cyclic process, the change in internal energy is zero ( U = 0 ). According to the first law of thermodynamics, the net heat supp