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JEE MainChemistryGeneral Organic Chemistry

Consider the following acid-base equilibrium reactions: (A) Phenol + Sodium ethoxide Sodium phenoxide + Ethanol (B) p-Nitrophenol + Sodium phenoxide Sodium p-nitrophenoxide + Phenol (C) tert-Butanol + Sodium methoxide Sodium tert-butoxide + Methanol (D) p-Cresol + Sodium phenoxide Sodium p-cresolate + Phenol Which of the above reactions proceed predominantly in the forward direction?

Options

  1. A(C) and (D) only
  2. B(A), (B) and (D) only
  3. C(A) and (B) only
  4. D(B) and (C) only

Correct answer

C. (A) and (B) only

Step-by-step solution

An acid-base reaction HA + B^- A^- + HB proceeds predominantly in the forward direction if the reactant acid ( HA ) is stronger than the product acid ( HB ). In reaction (A), the reactant acid is phenol and the product acid is ethanol. Since phenols are more acidic than aliphatic alcohols, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. In reaction (B), the reactant acid is p-nitrophenol and the product acid is phenol. The -NO₂ group is electron-withdrawing ( -I, -M ), making p-nitrophenol a stronger acid than phen

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