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JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : In an HNO ₃ molecule, all three N - O bond lengths are identical, similar to the NO ₃^- ion. Reason (R) : Both HNO ₃ and NO ₃^- exhibit symmetric resonance involving all three oxygen atoms equally. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given bel

Options

  1. ABoth (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. B(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
  3. CBoth (A) and (R) are not correct
  4. D(A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Correct answer

C. Both (A) and (R) are not correct

Step-by-step solution

In the nitrate ion ( NO ₃^- ), the negative charge is delocalized equally over all three oxygen atoms due to symmetric resonance. Thus, all three N - O bond lengths are identical (bond order = 1.33 ). In nitric acid ( HNO ₃ ), one of the oxygen atoms is bonded to a hydrogen atom ( N - OH ). This oxygen atom does not participate equally in the resonance delocalization with the other two terminal oxygen atoms. As a result, the N - OH bond is essentially a single bond and is longer, while the other two N - O bonds hav

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