Identify the type of reaction when benzene reacts with nitrating mixture.

Step-by-step solution

Benzene reacts with a nitrating mixture (a mixture of concentrated HNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄ ) to form nitrobenzene. In this process, the nitrating mixture generates the nitronium ion ( NO₂^+ ), which acts as an electrophile. The electrophile attacks the electron-rich benzene ring, replacing one of its hydrogen atoms with a nitro group ( -NO₂ ). Since a hydrogen atom is replaced by another group, this is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Answer: Substitution