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NDA 2025
Exam
NDA
Year
2025
Subject
Mathematics
Chapter
Functions

NDA 2025 · Mathematics · Functions

Consider the following for the two (02) items that follow: Let the...

Consider the following for the two (02) items that follow:
Let the function y=(1−cos⁡x)−1y = (1 - \cos x)^{-1}, where x≠2nπx \neq 2n\pi and nn is an integer.

What is the range of the function?

Options

  1. A[0,∞)[0, \infty)
  2. B[0.5,∞)[0.5, \infty)
  3. C[1,∞)[1, \infty)
  4. D(−∞,0.5](-\infty, 0.5]

Correct answer

B. [0.5,∞)[0.5, \infty)

Step-by-step solution

Given function is y=(1−cos⁡x)−1=11−cos⁡xy = (1 - \cos x)^{-1} = \dfrac{1}{1 - \cos x}

The range of cos⁡x\cos x is [−1,1][-1, 1].

Since x≠2nπx \neq 2n\pi, cos⁡x≠1\cos x \neq 1.

Therefore, −1≤cos⁡x<1-1 \le \cos x < 1

Multiplying by −1-1, we get −1<−cos⁡x≤1-1 < -\cos x \le 1

Adding 11, we get 0<1−cos⁡x≤20 < 1 - \cos x \le 2

Taking the reciprocal, we get 11−cos⁡x≥12\dfrac{1}{1 - \cos x} \ge \dfrac{1}{2}

Thus, y≥0.5y \ge 0.5

The range of the function is [0.5,∞)[0.5, \infty).
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