The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral, due to:

Options

1. AThe $\pi$ -bonding involves overlap of $p$ -orbitals of oxygen with $d$ -orbitals of manganese
2. BThere is no $\pi$ -bonding
3. CThe $\pi$ -bonding involves overlap of $p$ -orbitals of oxygen with $p$ -orbitals of manganese
4. DThe $\pi$ -bonding involves overlap of $d$ -orbitals of oxygen with $d$ -orbitals of manganese