If the dipole moment of Toluene and Nitro-benzene are 0.43 D and 3.93 D respectively, then what is the expected dipole moment of p-Nitrotoluene?

Step-by-step solution

Methyl group has + I effect and - N O 2 group has - I effect . Therefore, in p-nitro toluene the dipole moments of – C H 3 and - N O 2 groups act in the same direction. So, the resultant dipole moment is additive. i.e., 3.93 + 0.43 = 4.36 debye