The crystal filed theory is successful in explaining which of the following? I. Ligands as point charges; II. Formation and structures of complexes. III. colour; IV. Magnetic properties: V . covalent character of metal-ligand bonding.

Step-by-step solution

The crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionic arising purely from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. Ligands are treated as point charges in case of anions or point dipoles in case of neutral molecules. The colour in the coordination compounds can be readily explained in terms of the crystal field theory. However, the crystal field model is successful in explaining the formation, structures, colour and magnetic properties of