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Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Exam
Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2]
Subject
Physics
Chapter
Bohr's Model and Physics of the Atom

Concepts Of Physics MCQ Edition [Volume 2] · Physics · Bohr's Model and Physics of the Atom

Due to gravitational attraction, the earth revolves round the sun....

Due to gravitational attraction, the earth revolves round the sun. Assume that the sun and the earth are point particles with their existing masses, and that Bohr's quantization rule for angular momentum holds true for gravitation. Determine the minimum radius the earth can have for its orbit. (Given: mass of the earth =6.0×1024 kg= 6.0 \times 10^{24} \text{ kg}, mass of the sun =2.0×1030 kg= 2.0 \times 10^{30} \text{ kg}, earth–sun distance =1.5×1011 m= 1.5 \times 10^{11} \text{ m}).

Options

  1. A2.3×10−134 m2.3 \times 10^{-134} \text{ m}
  2. B1.1×10−138 m1.1 \times 10^{-138} \text{ m}
  3. C4.6×10−138 m4.6 \times 10^{-138} \text{ m}
  4. D2.3×10−138 m2.3 \times 10^{-138} \text{ m}

Correct answer

D. 2.3×10−138 m2.3 \times 10^{-138} \text{ m}

Step-by-step solution

According to Bohr's quantization rule, the angular momentum of the earth is quantized as:

Mevr=nh2πM_e v r = \dfrac{nh}{2\pi}

The gravitational force provides the necessary centripetal force for the earth's orbit:

GMsMer2=Mev2r\dfrac{G M_s M_e}{r^2} = \dfrac{M_e v^2}{r}

⇒v=GMsr\Rightarrow v = \sqrt{\dfrac{G M_s}{r}}

Substituting the expression for vv into the quantization rule:

MeGMsrr=nh2πM_e \sqrt{\dfrac{G M_s}{r}} r = \dfrac{nh}{2\pi}

MeGMsr=nh2πM_e \sqrt{G M_s r} = \dfrac{nh}{2\pi}

Squaring both sides, we get the radius of the nn-th orbit:

r=n2h24π2GMsMe2r = \dfrac{n^2 h^2}{4\pi^2 G M_s M_e^2}

For the minimum radius, n=1n = 1. Substituting the standard values (h=6.63×10−34 J sh = 6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}, G=6.67×10−11 N m2/kg2G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N m}^2/\text{kg}^2) and the given masses (Ms=2.0×1030 kgM_s = 2.0 \times 10^{30} \text{ kg}, Me=6.0×1024 kgM_e = 6.0 \times 10^{24} \text{ kg}):

r=(1)2×(6.63×10−34)24π2×(6.67×10−11)×(2.0×1030)×(6.0×1024)2r = \dfrac{(1)^2 \times (6.63 \times 10^{-34})^2}{4 \pi^2 \times (6.67 \times 10^{-11}) \times (2.0 \times 10^{30}) \times (6.0 \times 10^{24})^2}

r=43.96×10−684×9.87×6.67×10−11×2.0×1030×36.0×1048r = \dfrac{43.96 \times 10^{-68}}{4 \times 9.87 \times 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \times 2.0 \times 10^{30} \times 36.0 \times 10^{48}}

r=43.96×10−6818958×1067r = \dfrac{43.96 \times 10^{-68}}{18958 \times 10^{67}}

r≈2.3×10−138 mr \approx 2.3 \times 10^{-138} \text{ m}
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