Which of the following quantities are independent of the choice of zero potential or zero potential energy?

Step-by-step solution

The potential at a point and the potential energy of a system are defined relative to a reference point where the potential or potential energy is taken as zero. Therefore, they depend on the choice of the reference point. The potential difference between two points is the difference in potential between them, given by V = V₂ - V₁ . If the reference point is changed, a constant value C is added to the potential at every point. The new potential difference is (V₂ + C) - (V₁ + C) = V₂ - V₁ . Hence, the potential diff